The year was 1998, location, Italian Alps. Jim and I were attending an intimate Pezcoller meeting organized by David Livingston. At that meeting, Jim presented something I had never seen in the entirety of my career—the eradication of cancer in mice following treatment with an antibody designed to inhibit a T cell checkpoint mechanism.
For nearly 30 years, the American Cancer Society’s prostate cancer screening guidelines have advised men to discuss prostate-specific antigen, or PSA, testing with a clinician and weigh potential benefits and harms, rather than treat screening as an unquestioned routine. This “informed decision-making” recommendation was consistent with guidelines from all major professional organizations in the United States, Canada, and Europe.
